The increase in engine power due to turbocharging reaches 100%. Along with the increase in power due to the use of a turbocharger, the torque also increases. The increase in power depends, among other things, on the charge air pressure, which for passenger car engines is 0.4 - 0.8 bar. The air pressure is monitored and controlled by the engine control unit using a pressure sensor. Thus, excess of air pressure above admissible is excluded.
The charge air cooler is located between the turbocharger and the engine intake tract. Cooling the air improves engine power, as cold air has a higher oxygen content due to its higher density.
BMW car turbocharger
3rd. series has adjustable guide vanes, which are controlled from the engine control device through a solenoid valve and a vacuum box. This ensures that the optimum air pressure is reached at any engine speed, which in turn ensures higher torque and higher engine power, in particular at low engine speeds.
Unlike petrol engines, diesel engines do not need to reduce the compression ratio due to boost. Thus, at low speeds, the injected fuel is completely burned.
The turbocharger is a very high precision mechanism. Therefore, as a rule, in the event of a malfunction, the turbocharger is replaced entirely.