The increase in engine power due to turbocharging reaches 100%. Along with the increase in power due to the use of a turbocharger, the torque also increases. The increase in power depends, among other things, on the boost pressure, which in passenger car engines is 0.4 - 0.8 bar. The air pressure is monitored and regulated by the engine control unit using a pressure sensor. This prevents the air pressure from exceeding the permissible value.
Between the turbocharger and the engine intake tract is a charge air cooler. Cooling the air helps increase engine power, since cold air has a higher oxygen content due to its higher density.
Turbocharger of BMW car
The 3rd series has adjustable guide vanes, which are controlled from the engine control unit via an electromagnetic valve and a vacuum box. This ensures that the optimum air pressure is achieved at any engine speed, which in turn ensures higher torque and higher engine power, particularly at low engine speeds.
Unlike petrol engines, diesel engines do not need to reduce the compression ratio due to supercharging. Thus, at low speeds, the injected fuel is completely burned.
The turbocharger is a very high precision mechanism. Therefore, in case of failure, the turbocharger is usually replaced entirely.
[This article is based on information from the website www.bmwman.ru]