The engine block and head are made of light alloy based on aluminum. The cylinder block has dry thin-walled cast iron liners inserted during the manufacturing process (pouring) block. The cylinder head is 4-valve, which are located at an angle of 39.5°. The cooling system is closed, liquid, forced. The lubrication system is combined - under pressure and splashing. Power system - injection (injection), electronically controlled. The crankshaft is seven bearing and rotates in plain bearings.
The engine uses an overhead valve timing mechanism with two camshafts located in the cylinder head (DOHC system) and hydraulic cylindrical pushers. The exhaust camshaft is driven by the engine crankshaft sprocket. Between themselves, the exhaust and intake camshafts are connected by a chain. The engine has a variable valve timing drive that automatically changes the opening and closing timing of the intake and exhaust valves by changing the initial position of the camshafts. Such a system has a brand name - «Doppe/-VANOS» (Doppel Variable Nockenwe Hensteuerung), abbreviated «D-VANOS».
The change in the position of the inlet and outlet shafts is carried out according to signals from the ECU-KSUD, by opening and closing the oil pressure supply valve in the adjusting mechanism of the system. A feature of the engine is a system of controlled resonant boost by changing the length of the air intake channels. With hydraulic pushers (hydraulic pushers), there is no need to adjust the clearances in the valves during operation.
The pressurized oil supply to the engine is provided by a mechanical oil pump with internal gears. The oil pump is chain driven from the crankshaft and is located in the oil pan of the crankcase. Oil is taken from the crankcase by a pump receiver and is supplied through channels and pipelines to the bearings of the crankshaft and camshafts, hydraulic pushers, as well as to the working surfaces of the cylinders from located nozzles.
The pump of the liquid cooling system is centrifugal type, mounted on the front wall of the engine block. Its drive is carried out by a V-belt from the engine crankshaft pulley. The same belt is used as a drive for the generator and power steering pump. A viscous coupling is installed on the pump shaft, which ensures that the fan turns on depending on the temperature of the coolant. The cooling system is sealed and must be constantly filled with antifreeze.
The electronic engine control system provides the preparation of the air-fuel mixture and its ignition, as well as a number of other control functions. For engines «M54» used modification of the fuel injection system and ignition model «MS.45» Siemens (Germany), indexed by DME («Digital Motor-Elektronik» - Motronic - digital electronic engine management system). Hereafter, it will be briefly referred to as - «DME» or «Motronic» (pic. 3.2). The ignition system is fully electronic with individual ignition coils and is controlled from a single DME-ECU-ECU.
1 - a tank with activated corners; 2 - air intake valve; 3 - purge valve; 4 - fuel pressure regulator; 5 - nozzle; 6 - pressure regulator; 7 - ignition coil; 8 - camshaft sensor; 9 - additional air pump; 10 - air lock; 11 - IRV; 12 - ECU; 13 - throttle sensor; 14 - idle valve; 15 - air temperature sensor; 16 - EGR valve; 17 - fuel filter; 18 - knock sensor; 19 - engine shaft speed sensor; 20—engine temperature sensor; 21 - oxygen content sensor in the OR, 22 - AB; 23 - LUC diagnostics; 24 - indicator GARDEN; 25 - differential pressure sensor; 26 - fuel pump with electric drive; 27 - converter
As a fuel for gasoline engines, fuel with an octane rating of ROZ-95 is used, however, the ability to dampen detonation for individual cylinders allows the use of fuels with octane ratings from ROZ-91 to ROZ-98. At the same time, in the first case, fuel consumption increases due to power loss, in the second case, there is fuel economy and power increase. Transmission - all-wheel drive (4x4), with manual or automatic transmission control, mounted on the rear wall (butt) engine and is made in the all-wheel drive version.
Table 3.1 Model Engine Specifications «M54»
Start of engine production | January 1999 | ||
Model Index | М54В22 | М54В25 | М54В30 |
Cylinder arrangement | Row, 6 | ||
Cylinder diameter, mm | 80.0 | 84.0 | 84,0 |
Piston stroke, mm | 72,0 | 75,0 | 89,6 |
Working volume, cm3 | 2171 | 2494 | 2979 |
Compression ratio | 10,8 | 10,5 | 10,2 |
Compression pressure, kg/cm2 | 10—11 | ||
Rated power, | |||
according to the EEC standard, kW | 125 | 141 | 170 |
according to DIN standard, h.p. | 170 | 192 | 231 |
Speed, min-1 | 6100 | 6000 | 5900 |
Max Torque | |||
according to the EEC standard, N·m | 210 | 245 | 300 |
according to DIN standard, kgf.m. | 21,4 | 25,0 | 30,6 |
Speed, min*1 | 3500 | 3500 | 3500 |
Maximum frequency, min*1 | 6500 | ||
Mixture Model | MS 45 from Siemens | ||
The order of operation of the cylinders | 1 — 5 — 3 — 6 — 2 — 4 |