The generator is driven by a V-ribbed belt from the crankshaft. In this case, the rotor with the excitation winding rotates relative to the stationary stator.
Through the brushes and slip rings, the excitation current flows through the excitation winding. This creates a magnetic field.
The position of the magnetic field relative to the stator is constantly changing in accordance with the speed of the rotor. Due to this, an alternating current appears in the stator winding.
But since the battery can only be charged with direct current, the alternating current is converted into direct current using a semiconductor diode rectifier. The relay-regulator changes the charging current by turning the excitation current on and off in accordance with the charge level of the battery. At the same time, the relay-regulator maintains the operating voltage unchanged and equal to approximately 14 volts, regardless of the generator rotor speed.
1 - belt pulley
2 - relay-regulator
3 - suction pipe
4 - hex bolt
5 - hex bolt and washer
6 - air channel
7 - clamp
8 - screw for sheet metal
9 - expansion nut