Fuel
Gasoline engines
Unleaded gasoline is not worse than AI-95 (engines with a catalytic converter).
Unleaded or leaded gasoline is not worse than AI-95 (engines without a catalytic converter).
It is allowed to use gasoline not worse than AI-91, while the engine power is reduced and fuel consumption increases.
Diesel engines
Automotive (not ship or boiler room) summer or winter diesel fuel with sulfur content not higher than 0.5%. Do not use biodiesel or rapeseed oil methyl ester.
Fuel preheating in the filter prevents the fuel from thickening while the vehicle is in motion.
Do not use special means to reduce the viscosity of the fuel.
When the outside air temperature drops below -9°С, kerosene is added to the summer diesel fuel (in % of total volume):
- From -9 to -15°C - 10%
- From -15 to -25°С — 30%
- Below -25°C - 50%
When the outside temperature drops below -20°C, add a viscosity reducer or kerosene to the winter diesel fuel (in % of total volume):
- From -20 to -26°C - 10%
- -26 to -31°C - 30%
- Below -31°C - 50%
As an exception, the addition of up to 30% low-octane gasoline is allowed (unleaded for vehicles with catalytic converter) to diesel fuel.
Fuel consumption, CO2 emissions
Fuel consumption is determined by a single test procedure (93/116/EG), and is not identical to the average operating expense, which depends on many different factors, in particular, driving style, vehicle load, road conditions, traffic volume, traffic flow, weather, tire pressure, etc. Engine power or its share spent when driving a car (as standard), is measured under the conditions defined by the standards 80/1269 EG or DIN 70 020, which also fix the tolerances for this. Some items of additional equipment (roof rack, wide tires, extra mirrors, etc.) sometimes significantly affect fuel consumption, because they. as a rule, change the mass and drag coefficient of the car.
Vehicle dimensions
Weight characteristics
If you use the specified permissible towing weight when driving on roads with a slope of up to 12% and at the same time want to load the vehicle up to the limit of the permissible total mass, it is recommended not to overcome slopes of more than 10%.
Traction and dynamic characteristics
Tires and wheel rims
Warning: The required tire pressure is also indicated on the label on the driver's door pillar.
The specified pressure refers to cold tires. As a result of a long trip, the air pressure in the tires increases by 0.2-0.4 bar. You should keep this in mind and do not release air from the tires. The air pressure in winter tires is usually set higher by 0.2 bar. When operating a vehicle with winter tires, speed may be limited. This information must be known to the driver.
Bolts for fastening wheels with light alloy rims should not be used for fastening steel rims and vice versa.