The air needed for combustion of the fuel is sucked through the air filter and compressed by the turbocharger, refer to Section Turbocharger.
The engine control unit evaluates signals from various sensors, calculates the amount of fuel to be injected and the injection moment based on the information received, and transmits the corresponding commands to the actuators. At the same time, the control unit is coordinated with other vehicle systems, such as the transmission control system, air conditioning, or vehicle locking.
Pedal position sensor is located on the gas pedal support. The potentiometer communicates information about the pedal position to the engine control unit. The gas cable drive to the injection pump is not used, which is why the term "electronic gas pedal" exists.
Air mass meter with built-in intake air temperature sensor measures the amount of intake air.
Crankshaft Pulse Sensor measures the engine speed.
Injector needle displacement sensor on one of the injectors it determines the start of injection and regulates the injection process depending on the load and engine speed.
Boost Air Pressure Sensor measures the air pressure in the intake manifold. Its signals are used to limit the amount of fuel injected if the boost pressure control or the air quantity meter fails.
Exhaust gas recirculation system Depending on the operating condition of the engine, AGR supplies a certain amount of exhaust gas to the engine intake tract through a controlled valve. This reduces the combustion temperature of the fuel. The lower this temperature, the lower the concentration of toxic substances in the exhaust gases.
Clutch pedal switch serves to eliminate impacts that occur when changing modes and jerks when engaging the clutch.
Brake pedal switch serves to reset the engine speed to idle if the gas pedal position sensor fails and the driver brakes the car.
Due to the good starting characteristics of the direct injection engine preheating required mainly at temperatures below 0°C. The glow plugs are switched on from the control unit via a relay.