Total toe-in 0°5'+10'.
Camber and lateral tilt of the steering axis prevent the transmission of unevenness to the steering components and reduce friction when cornering to the minimum possible.
Camber is the angle at which the plane of the wheel deviates from the vertical. Thus, the front wheels are at an angle and, for example, with negative camber, the support points of the wheels standing on the ground are further apart than the top points.
Steering axis inclination is the angle between the steering axis of the steering knuckle and the vertical at the tire contact point, when viewed in the direction of vehicle travel.
Due to the camber/lateral tilt of the steering axis, the contact points of the wheels with the road are located closer to the steering axis of the steering knuckle. At the same time, the so-called rolling shoulder is kept small. The smaller the rolling shoulder, the easier the steering works. Road irregularities also act less on the steering rods.
The caster angle is the angle between the steering knuckle's axis of rotation and the vertical at the point where the tire touches the road, when viewed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the vehicle. This angle has a significant impact on the stability of the straight-line movement of the front wheels. Too small a caster angle contributes to drifting away from the direction of travel on a bad road or in a crosswind and does not allow the steering to return to the straight-line position with sufficient confidence after passing a turn.
Verification conditions
Steering in straight-ahead position.
Correct tire pressure.
Vehicle with normal load: 68 kg load on front seats, one 68 kg load in the middle of the rear seat, 21 kg load in the center of the trunk, full fuel tank.
The car is rocked vigorously several times beforehand.
There is no unacceptable play in the steering rods.
There is no unacceptable play in the front suspension parts.
Correct level of the car.