Front bumper — design description (BMW X5 E53)

The front bumper is designed as a crossbar with a front shield (Fig. 18.3), which is covered with a lining (Fig. 18.4), which allows it to withstand an impact at a speed of up to 4 km/h without damage. In this case, the impact energy is absorbed by the crossbar and the front shield, the lining can be damaged. The remaining energy is transferred to the side members of the body frame. At a speed of 15 km/h, the energy is absorbed due to their deformation, which eliminates damage to the engine mount brackets and front suspension elements.