The impact of the driver on the pedal is increased by a vacuum booster. Under normal operating conditions, both circuits operate synchronously. If one of the circuits fails, for example, due to its depressurization and loss of brake fluid, such a scheme allows you to stop the car using the second braking circuit, but with some loss of efficiency in terms of braking time and braking distance.
The composition of the brake system includes: the main brake cylinder with compensation (nutritious) a brake fluid reservoir, a vacuum brake booster, a hydraulic unit, disc-type brakes with a floating caliper on the front and rear wheels, pipelines, hoses and elements of the ABS / ASC + T / ASC systems that create a single system - DSC.
Parking braking is carried out by the action of a manual drive lever, through drive cables, on the brake shoes in the rear wheel mechanism. Since disc brakes are ineffective as mechanisms for a parking brake system, two drum brakes are additionally installed on the rear wheels, the drums of which are built into the brake discs.
The brake circuits are combined by the main brake cylinder and hydraulic unit. In the engine compartment, on the left side, under the air filter housing, above the main brake cylinder, there is a nutrient (compensatory) brake system reservoir, which provides the system with brake fluid, which also feeds the clutch drive system.
The brake booster works by vacuum generated in the intake manifold of a gasoline engine or by a special vacuum pump for diesel engines and engines of the model «N62».
The front wheels are equipped with a disc brake mechanism, with a ventilated brake disc. Disc brakes are also installed on the rear wheels. Depending on the car model (engine power) the brake disc can be solid or ventilated.
All disc brakes are equipped with a floating caliper brake. The disc brake calipers are made of light alloy, which made it possible to significantly lighten the brake system and significantly increase the efficiency of heat dissipation. This eliminates the phenomenon «Fading» - loss of efficiency of the brake mechanism due to strong heating of the brake pads. On the front left and rear right on the friction linings of the brake pads, sensors are installed that indicate the limiting degree of their wear, which is 3 mm.
The minimum brake fluid level is monitored by a float-type sensor on the indicator light on the dashboard.
The role of the brake force regulator on the car is performed by the system «ABS/ASC+T» or «DSC» Bosch (Germany) and a number of additional systems ensure that during heavy braking there is no blocking of the wheels and skidding of the car body.
Warning! As a result of the functioning of the brake mechanisms, dust from the brake linings is released, which is harmful to health. All work on cleaning the brake mechanisms should be carried out in respiratory protection equipment - respirators.
When driving on a waterlogged road or in the rain, it is recommended to periodically brake the car in order to dry and clean the brake linings, to restore the effectiveness of the brakes.
To speed up the process of running in new pad linings to the disc, it is recommended to brake the car several times from a speed of 80 km / h to 40 km / h, carefully pressing the brake pedal. Between such braking, maintain a time interval for complete cooling of the elements of the brake mechanism. The running-in time of new brake pads is about 180–230 km, at which the brake efficiency is somewhat reduced. During the running-in of the pads, it is not recommended to abruptly and protractedly brake to a complete stop.
Attention! Brake discs with corroded brake surfaces must be replaced.