Fuse color coding
- light brown - 5.0 A;
- brown - 7.5 A;
- red - 10.0 A;
- blue - 15.0 A;
- yellow - 20.0 A;
- green - 30.0 A;
- orange - 40.0 A.
Fused links are used to protect electrical circuits that do not have fuses, such as, for example, the engine ignition system. A feature of their replacement is that it is necessary to accurately find out the cause of its failure (overload) and first turn off the power supply - «–» terminal from AB. Breakers provide overload protection for electric motors and are installed in power window drive circuits, automatic door locks and headlight adjustment. Thermal relays are used as breakers.
Relays are designed to supply power to individual elements of electrical equipment. Many electrical circuits are laid through relay contacts and violations of the initial state of the relay contacts (sticking) lead to the failure of the functioning of the unit or node. A defective relay must be replaced. The serviceability of the relay is checked by replacing it or laying temporary circuits (jumpers) for its nutrition and functioning. When an intermittent malfunction occurs, as a rule, the culprit of its occurrence is a faulty relay.
Incandescent lamps should be checked by removing them and visually inspecting the integrity of the filament. A darkened lamp bulb and a broken filament indicate that it has burned out. The easiest way to check is to connect the lamp directly to a voltage source «+12V». If the lamp lights up, it indicates a bad contact in the power circuit - a switch or base on the car - or an open in the power circuit. The switch must be checked by measuring with a test lamp or an indicator of the presence of the supplied voltage (+12 V) at its input terminals and, when enabled, at its output terminals. The absence of output voltage indicates a malfunction of the switch, the absence of input voltage indicates damage to the supply circuit. Checking of electric motors is carried out by direct supply of power «+12 V» – «+14 V» with additional wires. In this case, polarity must be strictly observed. One of the reasons for the failure of the operation of the electric motor is the wear of its brushes. The cause of blown fuses and fuse-links in the power supply circuit of the electric motor is overload caused by contamination or icing of the guide elements in the drive (windows, roofs, wiper blades).
Testing of electrical switches, such as pressure or liquid level sensors, must be carried out on bench equipment after they have been removed.
Check the brake light in two directions. The first is a malfunction of the lamp itself and its power circuit. The second is the functioning of the contact block of the brake pedal. To access the unit, you must remove the lower steering panel (see section «Brake system» And «Steering»). Checking the electric heater of the rear window is carried out in two directions. The first is the health of the power circuit - wires, loops and switches. The second is the integrity of the rear window heating element. If the heating filaments are broken, then it can be restored by using an electrically conductive varnish («silbert lacquer»). Clean the damaged area with solvent or acetone. Highlight the repaired area with adhesive tape so that it is located between the two tapes. Apply varnish and let it dry for 24 hours at +20°C, or for 30 minutes at +150°C using an industrial hair dryer.