1, 10 - exhaust manifold with converter; 2 - gasket; 3 - plug; 4 - nut (M10); 5, 6 - regulation sensor; 7 - bolt (M6x16); 8 - holder; 9; 13 - control sensor; 11 - terminal; 12 - bracket; 14 - sealing gasket; 15 - nut (M10); 16 - bolt (М10x40); 17 - heat shield with gasket
1 - silencer; 2 - clamp; 3 - gasket; 4 - nut (M10); 5 - shock absorber; 6 - bolt (М8x16); 7 - bracket; 8 - shield; 9 - bolt (М8x20); 10 - plate; 11, 17 - bracket; 12 - collar; 13 - bolt (M8x35); 14 - nut (M8); 15 - bushing; 16 - bolt; 18 - nut; 19 - rubber-metal hinge; 20 - silencer; 21 - nozzle
Each exhaust manifold (from cylinders 1-2-3 and from cylinders 4-5-6) has a bolted flange connection with the engine cylinder head. A sealing gasket with a heat shield is installed between the cylinder head and the exhaust manifold.
Oxygen sensors are installed in each of the exhaust manifolds, one before the converter - for adjustment, the second after the converter - to monitor the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas. When installing them, it is necessary to take into account the different lengths of the cable connection of the sensors. The regulation sensor has a cable 320 mm long, the control sensor has a cable length of 990 mm.
The downpipes of the intermediate silencer and additional silencers are connected in the exhaust system by flanged bolted connections. The fastening elements for the system are clamps holding rings and rubber shock absorbers, which must be replaced with each disassembly of the system as a whole or replacement of its individual elements.
KSUD engine has a closed control system, because. the final result of the combustion process is controlled by the amount of residual oxygen in the exhaust gas after the converters. The connection between the ECU-KSUD and the sensors for the oxygen content in the exhaust gas allows you to accurately dose the amount of fuel supplied, which in turn reduces the emission of toxic compounds into the atmosphere.
The oxygen sensor is an electronic device that determines the oxygen content in the exhaust gas and transmits the result of its measurement in the form of a voltage drop to the ECU-KSUD. The obtained value allows you to adjust the composition of the fuel-air mixture at the stoichiometric level.
On the one hand, this is necessary in view of the constant change in operating conditions (idling, accelerating, decelerating, moving at a constant speed), on the other hand, the optimal afterburning of fuel residues in the converter requires the necessary combination of both oxygen and fuel.
The catalytic converters used are the so-called three-function rare earth catalytic converter. Due to their presence, carbon oxides are oxidized (SO) and hydrocarbons (NS), and the concentration of nitrogen oxides is also reduced (NOx).