Depending on the type of engine, year of manufacture of the vehicle and equipment, electrical wires, coolant vacuum hoses may have a different gasket in the engine compartment. Since it is not possible to consider all design options, it is recommended to mark the appropriate wire with tape before disconnecting it.
Signs of a defective cylinder head gasket are as follows:
- Loss of engine power.
- Loss of coolant. White clouds of smoke in the exhaust from a warm engine.
- Oil loss.
- The presence of coolant in the engine oil, the oil level does not decrease, but increases. Gray engine oil. Foam bubbles on the level indicator. Oil liquefaction.
- The presence of engine oil in the coolant.
- Severe foaming of the coolant.
- Poor compression in two adjacent cylinders.
Model 316i, 318i (engine M43TU)
Withdrawal
1. Drain the coolant, including from the cylinder block, refer to Section Coolant replacement.
2. Remove the thermostat, refer to Section Removal and installation of the thermostat.
3. Remove the inlet pipeline, refer to Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
4. Remove the spark plugs, refer to Section Spark plug.
5. Remove the ignition coils, refer to Section Removal and installation of ignition coils/ignition cables.
6. Turn away bolts of fastening and remove a reception pipe of system of release, address to Section Removal and installation of the exhaust system.
7. Turn away bolts of fastening and remove a cover of a head of cylinders. In this case, first loosen the bolts evenly crosswise, then turn them out.
8. Loosen the mounting bolts and remove the holder for the air supply and solenoid valve with pressure accumulator (arrows in the illustration).
9. Turn away bolts of fastening and remove the gauge of position of a camshaft and take out it together with a sealing ring.
10. Remove the mounting bolts and remove the top cover of the timing box. Remove the rubber gasket under the bottom cover.
11. Cut from the inside out and remove the cylinder head gasket at the top edge of the bottom cover (arrows in the illustration). Gaskets need to be replaced. As a spare part, you can use the gasket for the top cover of the timing case.
12. Turn the crankshaft by the central mounting bolt to the right so that the piston of the first cylinder is at TDC. In this case, the arrow on the asterisk points up. You can turn the crankshaft in one of the following ways:
- Apply the parking brake and place the gearbox in neutral. Turn the crankshaft at the center pulley bolt with a socket wrench in a clockwise direction.
- Raise and place on stands the rear side of the vehicle. Engage fifth gear and release the parking brake. Check the raised rear wheel. Thus, the crankshaft rotates. This operation requires an assistant.
- Park the car on a level surface. Engage fifth gear. Move the vehicle forward or backward.
13. Lock the camshafts with the BMW-11 3 190 tool shown in the illustration in this position. You can also use the KLANN tool, KL-0580-5.
14. Fix the crankshaft in the TDC position with the BMW-11 2 300 tool or the corresponding rod. To do this, insert the rod through the hole in the cylinder block into the hole in the flywheel (arrow illustration), after removing the stopper.
15. Turn away bolts of fastening of an asterisk of a camshaft. Slowly slide back the tensioner shoe behind the hex with a wrench and thus relieve the chain. Take off the star.
16. Turn away bolts of fastening and remove from a head of cylinders a damper and a shoe of a tension (arrows in the illustration).
Turn the crankshaft back 45°before loosening the cylinder head bolts. This prevents the valves from touching the pistons. After installing the cylinder head, turn the crankshaft again to the TDC position of the first cylinder.
17. Loosen the cylinder head bolts from outside to inside in several stages. To unscrew the bolts, a special Torx key is required, for example, HAZET-2925.
18. With the help of an assistant, remove the head from the cylinder block.
If necessary, carefully pry off the cylinder head with a screwdriver, being careful not to damage the sealing surface.
Installation
19. Clean the sealing surface of the cylinder block with a scraper from the remnants of the gasket. Make sure that dirt does not get into the holes of the cylinder block. Cover the opening with rags.
20. Clean the sealing surface of the cylinder head.
21. Check up flatness of a head and the block of cylinders a steel ruler in longitudinal and cross direction. Process if necessary (service station work). The maximum deviation from flatness is 0.03 mm. The required height of the cylinder head is given in the Specifications.
22. Thoroughly clean the threaded holes for the cylinder head bolts from oil and other contaminants.
There must be no oil in the threaded holes, otherwise the bolts will not transmit full pressure to the cylinder head, although they are tightened to the specified torque. In addition, this may crack the cylinder block.
23. Check if there are two guide bushings (arrows in the illustration). If not, insert them and check for a secure fit.
24. Lay a new gasket without sealant on the degreased surface of the cylinder block so that the holes remain open.
25. Install the cylinder head with the help of an assistant. At the same time, press back the tensioner shoe with a wrench by the hexagon (arrow illustration).
26. Lubricate the new cylinder head bolts with engine oil. Then screw in the bolts and evenly tighten in a spiral from the inside out until they fit.
Be sure to install new bolts. Bolts are tightened in several steps. A calibrated torque wrench must be used for tightening.
27. Tighten the cylinder head bolts in sequence 1 to 10 in three steps. Tightening torques are given in the Specifications.
The tightening of the cylinder head bolts must be carried out with particular care. Before tightening it is necessary to check the accuracy of the torque wrench. In addition, an angle washer, such as HAZET 6690, is required to tighten the bolts. If this washer is not available, place a wrench, attach a protractor to the wrench lever and mark a 90°angle with chalk. Then turn the key in one step to the marked mark.
28. Attach the damper and timing chain tensioner to the cylinder head.
29. Turn the crankshaft to the TDC position of the first cylinder and insert the rod.
30. Press back the tensioner shoe by the hexagon and put on the sprocket with the chain. The arrow on the star should point up. Align the oval holes in the center.
31. The camshaft must be fixed at TDC. In this position, secure the sprocket with four bolts to a torque of 10 Nm.
33. Clean the sealing surfaces under the timing case top cover.
34. Check for damage to the seal between the upper and lower covers of the timing case, replace if necessary. Put on the pad. In this case, the elevation on the gasket must fit into the groove on the cylinder head.
35. Replace the timing case cover paper gasket.
36. Lubricate the top side of the rubber gasket with a thin layer of grease and use the BMW-11 2 330 tool. The tool is placed on the gasket before installing the timing case cover. In addition, two BMW-11 4 110 pins are screwed into the upper threaded holes for guidance. A thin sheet of steel and two threaded pins can be used instead of these tools.
37. Install the timing case cover, insert and screw the mounting bolts so that the bolt head fits. Take out the BMW-11 2 330 tool.
38. Establish without laying a cover of a head of cylinders. Screw M6 screws with large washers (arrows in the illustration). In this case, the timing box cover should be pressed down so that the upper edges of the box cover and cylinder head are at the same level. In this position, tighten the timing case cover bolts to 15 Nm. Remove the guide pins and screw the remaining bolts in their place, tighten them also with a torque of 15 Nm.
39. Remove the cylinder head cover again.
40. Lubricate with an elastic sealant, for example, "Drei Bond 1209" or "Loctit Ultra Black" mating surfaces of the timing case cover and cylinder head (arrows in the illustration).
41. With the same sealant, lubricate the transitions to the semicircle of the sealing gasket (arrow illustration).
42. Fix crosswise a cover of a head of cylinders with a lining the moment of 10 Нм. Make sure that the gasket does not protrude.
The cylinder head cover is damped and sealed with rubber gaskets of the mounting bolts. Therefore, do not turn the rubber pads.
43. Insert and secure the camshaft position sensor with O-ring.
44. Fix with bolts a reception pipe of system of release, address to the Section Removal and installation of the exhaust system.
45. Install the inlet pipeline, refer to Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
46. Install ignition coils, refer to Section Removal and installation of ignition coils/ignition cables.
47. Install spark plugs, refer to Section Spark plug.
48. Attach the holder for the air supply and solenoid valve with the pressure accumulator.
49. Install thermostat, refer to Section Removal and installation of the thermostat.
50. Fill the system with coolant and remove air from it, refer to Section Coolant replacement.
51. Check the engine oil level. If necessary, add oil up to the MAX mark.
If the cylinder head was removed due to a defective gasket, change the oil, as there may be coolant in the engine oil. Change oil, refer to Section Changing the engine oil and oil filter.
Models 320i, 323i, 328i (engine M52TU)
Withdrawal
Since the removal of the cylinder head is a rather laborious operation and requires a special tool from BMW, it is recommended that this work be carried out by a workshop.
52. Remove the inlet pipeline, refer to Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
53. Remove camshafts, refer to Section Removal and installation of camshafts.
54. Remove both intake pipes from the cylinder head.
To do this, the engine must be suspended on a crane and one engine support released, refer to Section Removal and installation of the oil pan.
55. Re-tighten the M10 nuts securing the engine mount to 47 Nm and remove the crane. If M8 nuts are installed, they should be tightened to 22 Nm.
56. Drain the coolant and disconnect the thermostat housing, refer to Section Removal and installation of the thermostat.
57. Turn away two bolts of fastening and remove from a head of cylinders a branch pipe of a cooling liquid under the inlet pipeline.
58. Remove the screws of the timing box cover (arrows in the illustration). Note: The camshafts in this and the following illustrations are shown installed, but must actually be removed.
59. Remove the mounting bolts and remove the timing chain damper (arrows in the illustration).
60. Loosen the cylinder head bolts in several steps from the outside to the inside. This operation requires a Torx key, such as HAZET 2925.
After removing the cylinder head, do not place it on the sealing surface. This can damage fully open valves. Place the head on two wooden blocks.
Installation
61. Remove gasket residue with sealant thinner and a hardwood scraper. Make sure no sealant residue gets into the holes. Cover the holes with rags.
62. Thoroughly clean the threaded holes for the cylinder head bolts from oil and other contaminants with compressed air or a rag wrapped around a narrow screwdriver.
Do not allow oil to enter the threaded holes, as it will distort the torque of the bolts. In addition, it can lead to the formation of cracks in the cylinder block.
63. Check guide bushings (arrows in the illustration) for damage and secure fit. They serve to center the cylinder head.
64. Check up flatness of a head and the block of cylinders a steel ruler in longitudinal and cross direction. Process if necessary (service station work). The maximum deviation from flatness is 0.03 mm. The required height of the cylinder head is given in the Specifications.
If the cylinder head has been machined, depending on the height obtained as a result of machining, it may be necessary to increase the thickness of the gasket by 0.3 mm. This compensates for the reduction in combustion chamber height.
65. Lubricate the transitions to the timing case cover with an elastic sealant, for example, "Drei Bond 1209" or "Loctite Ultra Black".
66. Replace the cylinder head gasket. Lay a new gasket without sealant so as not to block any holes.
67. Reinstall the cylinder head with the help of an assistant. Do not repaint it, otherwise the new gasket may be damaged.
68. Lubricate with impellent oil new bolts of fastening of a head of cylinders. Then tighten the fastening bolts in a spiral evenly from the inside to the outside until snug.
Be sure to use new mounting bolts. The bolts must be fastened in three steps. A torque wrench must be used for this operation.
69. Tighten the mounting bolts in sequence from 1 to 14 in several steps with the forces presented in the Specifications.
Tightening the cylinder head bolts should be carried out with particular care. Before tightening it is necessary to check the accuracy of the torque wrench. In addition, an angle washer, such as HAZET 6690, is required to tighten the bolts. If this washer is not available, place a wrench, attach a protractor to the wrench lever and mark a 90°angle with chalk. Then turn the key in one step to the marked mark.
70. Bolt the chain guide.
71. Tighten the timing box cover bolts.
72. Fasten the coolant pipe to the cylinder head with two bolts, installing new o-rings
73. Install both exhaust manifolds on the cylinder head, refer to Section Removal and installation of a final collector.
74. Install camshafts, refer to Section Removal and installation of camshafts.
75. Install the inlet pipeline, refer to Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
76. Install the thermostat housing, refer to Section Removal and installation of the thermostat.
77. Fill the system with coolant, remove air, refer to Section Coolant replacement.
78. Check the engine oil level, if necessary add oil to the MAX mark.
If the cylinder head was removed due to a defective gasket, change the oil, as there may be coolant in the engine oil. Oil change, refer to Section Changing the engine oil and oil filter.
Model 320d (M47 engine)
Withdrawal
Operations and instructions applicable to all engines are given in Section 316i, 318i. This Section only lists differences that apply to the 320d engine.
Signs of a defective cylinder head gasket are given in Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
Since the removal of the cylinder head is a rather laborious operation and requires a special tool from BMW, it is recommended that it be carried out in a workshop.
79. Remove the inlet pipeline, refer to Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
80. Remove the air filter element, refer to Section Replacing the air filter element.
81. Remove fuel pipelines and nozzles, refer to Section Removal and installation of nozzles.
82. Turn away bolts -1- and remove a soaking-up branch pipe.
83. Disconnect the air mass meter connector by pressing the wire retainer at the plug.
84. Turn away bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders crosswise in reverse order, that is from 22 to 1.
85. Drain the coolant, including the cylinder block, refer to Section Coolant replacement.
86. Disconnect the coolant hoses from the thermostat housing, to do this, lift the wire clamps with a screwdriver, refer to Section Connecting and disconnecting the quick coupling.
87. Remove the mounting bolts and remove the turbocharger from the exhaust pipe (arrows in the illustration).
88. Remove the exhaust gas recirculation cooler -1- together with the thermostat -2-. To do this, release the clamps on both coolant hoses under the recirculation radiator and remove the hoses. Turn away bolts -3 - fastenings of the holder from both parties of a radiator.
89. Turn away bolts of fastening and remove a branch pipe of a cooling liquid under the thermostat case at a head of cylinders. Disconnect a branch pipe at the holder of a head of cylinders.
90. Remove both camshafts, refer to Section Removal and installation of camshafts.
91. Turn out the fingers of the damper and the tension shoe in the places marked with arrows.
92. Remove the tensioner shoe up.
93. Turn away bolts of fastening of a box of driving chains (arrows in the illustration). Turn out also bolts invisible on an illustration in points - 1 - and - 2 -.
94. Loosen the cylinder head bolts in reverse order from 10 to 1, backing them out 1/2 turn. Then unscrew in the same sequence. A - inlet side; B is the release side.
95. Remove the cylinder head with the help of an assistant.
After removal, do not place the cylinder head on the sealing surface, otherwise the glow plugs may be damaged. Place the cylinder head on two wooden blocks.
Installation
96. Lay a new gasket without sealant so as not to block any holes. The gasket, depending on the thickness, is marked with a different number of holes (arrow illustration) The new gasket should have the same number of holes as the old one.
The joints between the timing chain box and the cylinder head are not sealed with sealant. On the gasket in these places there are additional sealing strips (arrows in the illustration).
97. The cylinder head bolts are tightened in 5 steps. For each reception, tightening is carried out in sequence from 1 to 10 bolts. A is the intake side, B is the exhaust side. Tightening forces are given in the Specifications.
98. Tighten the timing chain box bolts to 15 Nm.
99. Screw in 2 new pins of the tension shoe and chain guide. The pins are replaceable as their surface is coated for self-locking.
100. Fix an asterisk with a chain put on it on a camshaft. Do not tighten the bolts yet.
101. Remove the rod from the chain tensioner so that the chain is stretched. Screw the plug for the rod into the hole in the cylinder head.
102. Install camshafts, refer to Section Removal and installation of camshafts.
103. Fix a branch pipe of a cooling liquid with a new lining under the case of the thermostat at a head of cylinders.
104. Bolt the recirculation cooler with new gaskets. Put on the coolant hoses and secure them with clamps.
105. Put on the coolant hoses on the thermostat housing and secure them, refer to Section Removal and installation of the thermostat.
106. Install the turbocharger with a new seal with new self-locking nuts on the exhaust manifold. Coat the bolts with high temperature paste first. Tighten the nuts to a torque of 45 Nm.
107. Be sure to install a new cylinder head cover gasket
108. Seal the corners of the sealing surface of the cylinder head cover between the cylinder head and the vacuum pump with sealant rollers "Drei Bond 1209" or "Loctite Ultra Black" height and width 2 mm.
109. Wrap bolts of fastening of a cover of a head of cylinders crosswise by hand in sequence from 22 to 1. Then tighten them in the same sequence the moment of 15 Нм.
110. Dock the connector of the air mass meter, the plug should lock into place.
111. Fix an inlet branch pipe with two bolts.
112. Install nozzles and fuel lines, refer to Section Removal and installation of nozzles.
113. Establish the inlet pipeline, address to the Section Removal and installation of the inlet pipeline.
114. Install the air filter element, refer to Section Removal and installation of the engine air filter.